Ubuntu安装MySQL数据库

介绍

MySQL 的定义
MySQL 是一种开源关系型数据库管理系统。与其他关系型数据库一样，MySQL 将数据存储在由行和列组成的表中。用户可以使用结构化查询语言（通常称为 SQL）定义、操作、控制和查询数据。由于 MySQL 是开源的，因此它的大量功能是在超过 25 年与用户密切合作的过程中开发出来的。

MySQL 软件是开源的
MySQL 是开源的，这意味着按照 GNU 通用公共许可条款，该工具可以免费使用。这也意味着，任何人都可以根据自己的使用需求自由修改软件的源代码。这使得 MySQL 分支为其他数据库变体（例如 MariaDB 和 Percona Server for MySQL）。MySQL 也可以通过其他许可用于商业用途。

关系型数据库
MySQL 所属的数据库类别称为关系型数据库管理系统 (RDBMS)。关系型数据库是信息的集合，它以预定义的关系组织数据，数据存储在一个或多个由列和行构成的表（或称“关系”）中，用户可以轻松查看和理解不同数据结构之间的关系。关系是不同表之间的逻辑连接，根据这些表之间的交互建立。

下载

下载地址https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/在此页面中，需要选择你要安装的版本类型，我这里是Ubuntu系统所以选择 MySQL APT Repository，若你使用CentOS那么就使用MySQL Yum Repository

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#下载地址
# https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

# 选择你要安装的版本类型，我这里是Ubuntu系统所以选择 MySQL APT Repository，若你使用CentOS那么就使用MySQL Yum Repository

apt install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.28-1_all.deb

# 安装MySQL-Server
apt install mysql-community-server

# 查看服务是否正常
root@cby:~# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-12-06 15:35:30 CST; 22min ago
       Docs: man:mysqld(8)
             http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
   Main PID: 9786 (mysqld)
     Status: "Server is operational"
      Tasks: 39 (limit: 3943)
     Memory: 369.3M
        CPU: 3.989s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
             └─9786 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Dec 06 15:35:29 cby systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
Dec 06 15:35:30 cby systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
root@cby:~#

开启外部访问

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# 登录数据库
root@cby:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.35 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>


# 查看默认库
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 选择使用mysql库
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> 
mysql> 

# 查询用户表
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root             | $A$005$yWgZ hKW4{ege
                                                     W/5pMsmD7O.Tq.KL8z9ARsM1TcL74ysSUXrqH0pWKEj5 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

# 修改root的授权
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> Grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> 

# 刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> 
mysql>
mysql> ^DBye
root@cby:~# 
root@cby:~#

测试

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# 使用其他主机进行登录数据库
root@cby:~# mysql -u root -p -h x.oiox.cn
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.35 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> ^DBye
root@cby:~# 
root@cby:~#

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